The Ustasha Terrorists and War Criminals

The Ustasha are a group intimately related to the wartime history of Yugoslavia, both for their actions and atrocities during World War 2, and their ghosts which haunted the Wars of the Former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. The Ustasha Form The Ustasha started out as a terrorist movement. In 1929 the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was turned into a dictatorship by King Alexander I, in part because of years of tension between Serb and Croat political parties. The dictatorship was designed to unite the Kingdom under one identity, and so was renamed Yugoslavia and divided along deliberately non-ethnic lines. In reaction one of the former members of parliament, Ante Pavelić, retreated to Italy and created the Ustasha to fight for Croatian independence. The Ustasha were modeled on the fascists of their adopted Italy but were a largely terrorist organization which aimed to divide Yugoslavia by creating discord and rebellion. They tried to create a peasant uprising in 1932 and managed to incite the assassination of Alexander I in 1934 while he visited France. Rather than dividing Yugoslavia, if anything the Ustasha strengthened it. World War 2: The Ustasha’s War In 1941, Nazi Germany and its allies invaded Yugoslavia after growing frustrated with a lack of co-operation during World War 2. The Nazis hadn’t planned this much in advance and decided to split the county up. Croatia was to be a new state, but the Nazis needed someone to run it, and they turned to the Ustasha. Suddenly, a fringe terrorist organization was handed a state, which included not just Croatia but some of Serbia and Bosnia. The Ustasha then recruited an army and began a major campaign of genocide against Serbs and other residents. Resistance groups formed, and a large proportion of the population died in the civil war. Although the Ustaha lacked the organization of Germany, who welded industrial know how to mass execution to create vast genocides, the Ustaha relied on brute force. The most infamous Ustasha crime was the creation of the concentration camp at Jasenovic. Throughout the latter part of the twentieth century, there was much discussion as to the death toll at Jasenovic, with figures ranging from the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands being cited for mostly political purposes. The Ustasha remained in nominal control until May 1945, when the German army and the remainder of the Ustasha retreated away from communist forces. As Tito and the Partisans took control of Yugoslavia, captured Ustasha and collaborators were executed en masse. The Ustasha were finished with the defeat of the Nazis later on in 1945, and might have vanished into history had the post-war history of Yugoslavia been one of building pressure which exploded into more war. Post War Ustaha After the break-up of the communist Yugoslavia and the start of the wars in the 1990s, Serbian and other groups raised the spectre of the Ustasha as they engaged in the conflicts. The term was frequently used by Serbs to refer to the Croatian government or any armed Croatian. On the one hand, this paranoia was deeply seated in the experiences of people who had, fifty years before, suffered at the hands of the real Ustasha, lost parents to them or been in camps themselves. On the other, claims that there were deep-seated hatreds which would re-surface or ethnic propensities to brutal violence, were mostly aimed at putting off international intervention and hyping Serbs into fighting. The Ustasha were a tool that was wielded like a club ​and proved that people who know history can be just as destructive as those that dont. Even today, you can find references to the Ustasha in the names of online gamers and their characters and nations.

The Artist Thomas Cole s Life With The Beauty Of The...

The artist Thomas Cole was born in 1801, in England. He was an immigrant in the United States, his family and him migrated to the states in 1818, he was 17 years of age. Thomas Cole lived in many different states including, Ohio, Philadelphia and in Pittsburgh where he work all over the place traveling back and fourth as a portrait artist. Thomas Cole was a self-taught artist yet he did interact with well know artist. A changing point in Cole s life that in my opinion that had a big impact on the painting I am going to be talking about is when Cole discovered and fell in love with the beauty of the Hudson River valley. His beautiful landscape exhibitions led him to become part the National Academy of Design. Cole began to paint†¦show more content†¦In this painting we see an infant that is in a boat. Behind the infant there is an angel that is guiding the child out of a cave into a beautiful landscape. Thomas Cole paints the landscape very rich; you get o a sense of warmth a nd calmness. There is beautiful green land, big mountains, and different types of flowers. According to the website Exploring Thomas Cole, there are different types of allegories in this painting. The first allegory is the hourglass that is in the boat. The hourglass is meant to represent time, the second allegory is the river, which is meant to represent the stream of life, and the third allegory is the flower, which is an Egyptian lotus, which Cole described as symbolical of Human Life. Finally the cave that the infant and the angel are coming out of according to Thomas Cole is an emblematic of our earthly origin, and the mysterious Past. Cole uses different types of light and dark colors it gives the painting a different look, the light colors fade and so does the dark colors, this is called chiaroscuro. Perspective was also used in this painting; different parts of the painting have different sizes giving us a sense of depth. The second painting, Youth, painted in 1842, oil on canvas, 53 in Ãâ€" 76 in, continues to have a beautiful green landscape, we still see trees, flowers, mountains, and now we see a castle in the back. In this painting the view is widening. The child from the last painting now looks like adolescent. The

Feelings presented in dreams Essay Example For Students

Feelings presented in dreams Essay During the night of July 23-24, 1895, Freud dreamed a historic dream. He called it Irmas Injection. Four years later, Freud concluded that dreams are wish fulfillments. This was the first dream he had submitted to a detailed interpretation (Gay, P. 1998). Freud was living at Bellevue, a resort villa in a Vienna suburb, at the time of the dream. He was very hard at work when this dream occurred. The dream was of family news and professional concerns. It was a large hall in which we were receiving many guests, among them Irma, a friend of the family. A young lady I had been treating psychoanalytically (Gay, P. 1998). Freud reproaches her for not accepting his solution and tells her that if she still has pains, it is your fault. She replies that the choking pains in her throat, stomach, and abdomen are more severe than of what he knows. Freud studies her and wonders if he has not perhaps overlooked some organic ailment. He looks down her throat and finds a white patch and some grayish scabs formed like the turbinal bones of the nose. The dream scene then grows crowded with physician-friends of Freuds; Oscar Rie, Breuer, and Fliess. Somehow all these doctors, except for Fliess, proved to have been responsible for Irmas persistent pains. He dreams that Rie has thoughtlessly given Irma an injection with a syringe that was not clean Freud interpreted a lot from this dream. I will not claim that I have completely uncovered the meaning of this dream or that its interpretation is without gaps (Gay, P. 1998). He recalled the reception of guests as an anticipation for his wifes birthday party. The chemical trimethylamin that was used reflected on his friend, Fliess theories about sexual chemistry because the dream involved a woman. The unclean syringe showed his excessive pride in the way he carefully kept his syringes clean. He concluded that the dream can be labeled as, worry over health, ones own and that of others, and a doctors conscientiousness (Strachey, J. 1968). The burden of the wish the dream portrayed was that Irmas suffering should be truly seen as not his fault but the fault of others. H. Interpretation of Dreams A survey was completed in Ms. Melvilles second period class, consisting of twenty-three students and Ms. Melville. Eighty-eight percent stated that they dreamed of kissing someone or being kissed by someone. Kissing someone is interpreted as suggesting an acceptance of that person as potentially a new relationship. It can also mean that you are seeking to develop a quality belonging to that other person in yourself. Being kissed by someone indicates that you are appreciated and loved for yourself. A single kiss, an example is a kiss on the forehead, symbolizes a blessing of a spiritual kind. Kissing a dead person is an omen for a long happy life. On the other hand, kiss a baby and something you thought was difficult will go well. I. Why are Dreams Forgotten? Most people take very little interest in their dreams. Anyone who pays attention to their dreams over a period of time will have more dreams than usual. It means memory of dreams is easier (Strachey, J. 1968). Only the things that are odd and stand out in dreams are remembered. When a dream is forgotten in the morning, it may never be recollected during the course of the day. It is important to remember all details to make out what the true meaning of the dream might be. Twenty-nine percent of the class stated that they remember their dreams, while 67% said that they dont, and 4% said that dreams are sometimes remembered. J. Conclusion Many psychologists believe that feelings presented in dreams usually a single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy may play a role in the brains ability to handle various tasks in life. Hidden feelings are often surfaced, which helps people to understand themselves better. When we understand our dreams we can understand ourselves. This is the significance of dreaming. Therefore, contrary to some belief, dreaming can be very meaningful.

Wiki Report tourism in Switzerland and Malaysia

Introduction The tourism industry has continued to register positive results despite pessimistic economic forecasts across the globe. Global tourism maintained a positive momentum of more than 2% growth between 2010 and 2012. This growth occurred due to an increase in the number of travellers going to different destinations. Market estimations show that tourism will grow by 2.3% by the end of 2013 (Research and Markets 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wiki Report: tourism in Switzerland and Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The amount of money spent by tourists in different parts of the world has increased considerably. This has increased the amount of money earned by countries with large tourism industries. This augurs well for the industry which has experienced many challenges in the past which discouraged tourists from travelling (ITB 2013). This report highlights issues that affect tourism in S witzerland and Malaysia. The report will evaluate tourism policies in these two regions and how they have affected tourism activities in the last two decades (Klopping 2012). It will also compare the models of innovation and creativity that have made positive impacts on tourism in these countries. Industry Overview Switzerland’s Tourism Industry The Swiss tourism industry has recorded positive growth in the last one year and it earned the country an estimated CHF 35.5 billion in 2012. The industry’s main drivers of growth were transportation, restaurant services and accommodation services, all of which contributed more than CHF 18 billion in 2012 (STF 2012). These three tourism sub sectors contributed more than 51 percent of total revenues obtained in the industry in 2012. These estimates show that the tourism industry in the country is registering positive results because of its status as one of the most preferred tourist destinations in the world (Barton 2008). The c ountry’s tourism balance of payments is favourable because foreign tourists spent an estimated CHF 15.4 billion in 2012. Similarly, Swiss tourists who travelled abroad spent an estimated CHF 11.8 billion in the same year. Comparatively, Swiss nationals who travelled to foreign countries spent CHF 11.6 in 2010 and CHF 15.6 billion in 2011, respectively. Switzerland’s tourism industry is one of the most competitive in the world and earns the country high amounts of foreign currency. The country has experienced an increase in the number of firms that offer specialized services to tourists. There are many tourism firms in Switzerland which target different market segments. Some of the leading firms include; Switzerland Tours, My Switzerland, Incoming Travel Services and Zicasso (Khalid 2013).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Malaysia’s Tourism Industry Mal aysia is one of the most popular and competitive tourist destinations in Asia. Malaysia recorded a 7% increase in the number of tourists visiting the country in 2009. It is estimated that 23.6 million tourists visited the country in 2009 compared to 21.95 million that arrived in 2008. The country’s tourism industry did not experience problems felt by other countries due to the global financial crisis. Malaysia continues to receive a lot of visitors which has helped the local industry to achieve positive growth. This situation is similar to the favourable industry environment that exists in Switzerland. There are several firms which offer a wide variety of services that seek to take advantage of opportunities existing in the market. These firms are optimistic that positive tourism indicators in the country will help them increase their earnings (Chakraborty 2007). Market leaders in Malaysia’s tourism industry include Tourism Malaysia, HK Top Tourism, Apple Vacations and Conventions, Cat City Holidays, Ping Anchorage and Tropical Adventures and Tours. These firms have unique niche segments, a situation which is similar to the Swiss tourism industry. These firms have strengthened their brands in the market through differentiation of products and services. Innovation, Creativity and Enterprise There are several theories and models which are used to analyse innovation, creativity and enterprise in different tourism sectors. Rothwell’s Five Generations of Innovation Model and Incremental Innovation Theory will be used to analyze Swiss and Malaysian Tourism Industries. Rothwell’s Five Generation of Innovation Model This model is considered as one of the most important contributions to the study of innovation in tourism industries. This model captures generations of innovations dating from the 1950’s to the current period (Moutinho 2011). The model looks at various generations of innovation and specific market conditions that made th em happen. It focuses on how different stages of innovations are responsive to various changes in market conditions such as competition, inflation and economic recovery. It also focuses on unemployment, economic growth, industrial expansion and scarcity of resources (Hassanien, Dale Clarke 2010). This model will mainly focus on generations of Swiss and Malaysian tourism industries from 1990s onwards. Malaysia Tourism Industry Malaysia’s tourism industry experienced an awakening during the fifth generation of innovation in the 1990s. This begun when the government launched a five year economic plan in 1991, which spelt out what needed to be done to ensure the local tourism industry became more competitive (King 1993, p. 78).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Wiki Report: tourism in Switzerland and Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A key pillar of this plan was the emphasis on research, product deve lopment and marketing, which helped the country establish itself as a niche destination for eco and agro based tourism (Malhotra 201, p. 56). The National Tourism Policy formulated in 1992 helped to provide proper regulatory guidance to the local industry (Government of Malaysia 1991). The country took note of sustainability issues in tourism by launching the National Ecotourism Plan in 1996 to encourage sustainable tourism practices (Government of Malaysia 1996). This fifth generation of innovation has made the country’s tourism stand out due to its high quality attractions and environmental sustainability (Government of Malaysia 2001). Swiss Tourism Industry The industry’s innovative practices took root during the fourth generation in the 1980’s. it easily attained the fifth generation of innovation because many firms were willing to offer new products and services to their customers (Wurz 2013). Major tourist attractions in the country include historical site s, unique cuisine, luxurious accommodation and a wide range of entertainment activities (Koumelis 2013). This has helped the country maintain its status as one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world. The Swiss tourism industry is built on four main pillars which are economic, ecological, cultural and local community sustainability. This has made it easy for the country to maintain product diversity which appeals to different tourist segments. The industry encourages different players to explore more opportunities and implement new technologies to help them have a positive impact. Incremental or Radical Coles and Hall (2008) reveal innovation and creativity can either be incremental or radical, depending on the firm managing the process. Improvements made in existing technologies, processes and products are referred to as incremental innovation (Hall Wouldiams 2008). Innovation that is initiated from the beginning meant to overhaul different industry systems is known as radical innovation. Radical innovation is very difficult to implement but offers long term benefits to a tourism industry. Malaysia’s tourism industry before the fifth generation was based on incremental innovation, which stifled the development of innovative products and services (Peng 2010). The implementation of new policies encouraged adoption of new technologies which improved performance of firms active in the sector. Radical innovative approaches encouraged ecotourism to flourish which made more visitors tour waterfalls, rivers and agricultural parks. Technological advancements have also revolutionized the quality of services offered in the industry. Most booking and ticketing services are done electronically, which has made it easy for different industry players to collaborate.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Switzerland’s tourism industry also uses new technologies to improve the quality of services offered. The country has a competitive edge over other destinations because it has diversified its tourist attractions to cater for niche customer interests. It offers ecotourism, reverie tourism, agro-tourism, and holiday entertainment (Hall Piggin 2003). The country improved its transport and communications infrastructure with neighbouring countries, which has made it easy for tourists to visit different places. Conclusion Both Switzerland and Malaysia are key tourist hubs in their respective regions. Their industries have recorded positive growth in the last few years. Five generations model and incremental or radical theories have been used to describe innovative tourism practices in the two countries. Malaysia managed to streamline its tourism sector in the fifth generation of innovation which improved the quality of services offered to tourists visiting the country. Switzerland was able to put in place effective innovation, creativity and enterprise pillars in the third generation. These approaches have made tourism sectors in the two countries more competitive. References Barton, S. 2008, Healthy living in the Alps, Manchester University Press, Manchester. Chakraborty, A. 2007, Global tourism, APH, New York. Coles, T. Hall, M. 2008, International business and tourism, Routledge, London. Government of Malaysia 1991, Sixth Malaysia plan, Government of Malaysia Printers, Kuala Lumpur. Government of Malaysia 1996, Seventh Malaysia plan, Government of Malaysia Printers, Kuala Lumpur. Government of Malaysia, 2001, Eighth Malaysia plan, Government of Malaysia Printers, Kuala Lumpur. Hall, C and Wouldiams, M. 2008, Tourism and innovation, Routledge, New York. Hall, M. and Piggin, R. 2003, World heritage sites: managing the brand, Elsevier, Oxford. Hassanien, A., Dale, C. Clarke, A. 2010, Hospitality business development, Routledge, New York. ITB 2013, ITB worl d travel trends report – 2012/2013, International Tourism Board, Berlin. Web. Khalid, K. 2013, ‘Cover story: massive benefits from JVs with foreign developers’, New Strait Times 4th July. Web. King, T. 1993, Tourism and culture in Malaysia, Routledge, London. Klopping, L. 2012, Health tourism in Switzerland, Grin Verlag, Berlin. Koumelis, T. 2013, ‘Sustainable tourism gets green light in Langkawi, Malaysia’, Travel Daily News Asia 5th May. Web. Malhotra, Y. 2001, Knowledge management and business model innovation, Idea Group Inc, London. Moutinho, L. 2011, Strategic management in tourism, CABI, London. Peng, H. 2010, ‘Innovation way to tourism charisma, ’, The Star 22 May. Web. Research and Markets 2012, Malaysian tourism industry forecasts to 2012, Research and Markets Industry Reports, London. Web. STF 2012, Swiss tourism in figures 2011 – structure and industry data, Swiss Tourism Federation Annual Overview, Berne. Web. Wurz, J . 2013, ‘Swiss invest in innovation to boost tourism’, Swiss Info 5th June. Web. This report on Wiki Report: tourism in Switzerland and Malaysia was written and submitted by user Mya K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.